中国储能网讯：日前，美国亚利桑那州的监管机构Andy Tobin公司提出了一项计划，这个计划的目标是2050年亚利桑那州80%的电力来自可再生能源，并承诺审查现行的可再生能源标准和关税（REST）政策，以利用可再生能源来实施建立清洁能源高峰（Clean Peak）的标准，并部署3,000兆瓦的储能系统，可以利用其白天产生的低价能源。
而亚利桑那州所提出的作为电网现代化政策一部分的3000兆瓦的储能目标，意味着该州承认了该技术在减少化石燃料需求方面的作用。
该公司将在接下来的几个星期内就这个提案进行表决。Stratagen咨询公司副总裁兼咨询主管Lon Huber表示，预计将在六个月至一年内得出最终投票结果，并使这个监管提案具有法律约束力。
3GW储能部署将是美国各州迄今为止规模最大的目标。例如，加利福尼亚州要求在2024年实现其制定1.35GW的目标，纽约州要求在2025年实现其1.5GW的目标。虽然亚利桑那州的部署时间比较晚，但其规模高于其他州。
亚利桑那州的商业屋顶光伏系统，近年来该州的公用事业太阳能价格大幅下滑
Lon Huber表示，这个目标的确定与亚利桑那州主要的几家公用事业公司（包括亚利桑那公共服务公司）已知的新燃气轮机设施开发计划密切相关，亚利桑那公共服务公司预计到2032年将建设一个电力容量为5GW的天然气发合并厂。Huber表示，3GW的储能目标可能只是该州“公用事业的IRP（综合资源计划）”中新的一小部分。
他说，“人们认为这是符合成本效益的储能部署，这可能是基于未来15年内对于可再生能源的需求。我认为这里的创新取决于不同的州以及它们的运作方式，这些州最终可能会购买大量的可再生能源，但是仍然需要大量的化石能源。”
尽管可再生能源加储能的部署可能还没有准备好取代大型热电厂的角色。Huber表示，就亚利桑那州运营的美国最大的核电厂而言，在提供基荷能源方面，通常只有稳定电网的峰值电站才能做到。储能系统提供商和集成商Fluence的Marek Kubik撰写了一篇关于爱尔兰电网的学术研究报告，显示了蓄电池在稳定电网方面所起的作用远远低于热力发电。
Huber说，Tobin公司似乎已经意识到，纳税人不应该为部署的可再生能源和化石燃料用于稳定电网支付费用，亚利桑那州将使用可再生能源来减少化石能源的发电，这将让纳税人不得不为资源支付两倍的费用。
Huber表示，实质上，亚利桑那州的公用事业规模的太阳能价格低于燃料发电价格，在25年的购电协议中，每千瓦时低至2.5至3美分，而亚利桑那州拥有成本超低的电力，现在可以用来满足高峰需求。
这个计划在多方面的提案要求：
·政策框架的现代化 - 包括将资源能源标准和关税（REST）政策重新命名为清洁资源能源标准和关税（CREST）。该公司表示将允许制定更广泛的有关清洁能源、储能、能源效率的多样化能源政策，而不仅仅是那些与可再生能源有关的政策。
·80％的清洁能源目标 - 到2050年，亚利桑那州80％的能源来自可再生能源和清洁能源，其终极目标是100％，尽管这并没有给出时间表。公用事业公司将向监管机构提交年度CREST计划，以展示他们将如何努力实现这些目标。
到2030年，亚利桑那州的储能目标将达到3,000MW ，该委员会的目标是使该州能够“平衡”在太阳下产生的非高峰电力，同时为电网增加弹性和稳定性。公用事业公司将再次向监管机构提交年度CREST实施计划。
·生物质能源 -公用事业每年采购的目标为 60兆瓦。这项政策背后的一部分理念是，可持续地从森林等生物质获取燃料。
·清洁高峰标准-规定的公用事业将被要求设定一个清洁高峰目标，充分利用可再生能源。公用事业单位每年必须逐步增加可再生能源峰值能源基准数量1.5％，亚利桑那州再次提交年度CREST实施计划。
Lon Huber表示，尽管在亚利桑那州已经有一些太阳能公司开始实施，特别是在公用事业公司推出住宅太阳能项目，但该州的公用事业规模太小，价格更加低廉，因此对太阳能公用事业公司的需求在一段时间以来一直强劲。
“亚利桑那州的配送体系与纽约和加利福尼亚州不一样，没有受到巨大负荷的限制，但也无法接入电网，所以配电系统无法弥补7美分电费的差距。所以我认为重要的是人们要注意到亚利桑那州在分布式和公用事业规模方面是不同的。”Huber说。
Huber表示，电力公司将不得不修改他们的15年综合资源计划（IRP）以符合新的标准，人们将会观望图森电力(TEP)，APS公司和NV能源公司的举措。而这些公司是最近宣布的可再生能源招标（包括考虑的储能）的能源系统的主要利益相关者。根据Lon Huber的说法，亚利桑那州的CREST提案可能会成为其他州的“警钟”。
Huber 表示，“我们将看到其他州如何对此作出反应。我认为这对某些州是一个启示，这些州可能没有想过其可再生能源政策实现现代化，而这是一件关键的事情。其他州应该注意到这种技术正在改进，那么为什么不更新其能源政策呢？”（中国储能网独家编译，转载请注明来源）
Arizona’s 3GW energy storage target, ‘Clean Peak plan’ part of a ‘wake up call’ to other states
Published: 31 Jan 2018, 14:20
By:
Andy Colthorpe
A 3,000MW energy storage target, proposed in Arizona as part of a grid modernisation policy, recognises the role of the technology in reducing the need for fossil fuels to stabilise the grid, a consultant has said.
Yesterday, Andy Tobin of the state’s regulator, the Corporation Commission, presented a plan that includes a goal to generate 80% of Arizona’s power from renewable sources by 2050, a commitment to review the existing Renewable Energy Standard and Tariff (REST) policy, to use renewables to mitigate peaks establishing a ‘Clean Peak’ standard and to deploy 3,000MW of energy storage to “leverage low priced energy during the day”.
The Commission will vote on the proposal in the next couple of weeks. A final vote is expected which would make the regulatory proposal legally binding, within six months to a year, Lon Huber, vice president and head of consulting at Stratagen Consulting, told Energy-Storage.News.
Commercial rooftop PV in Arizona. Utility solar prices in the state have plummeted in recent years. Image: Walmart Corporate.
The 3GW target would be the biggest established to date in the US – the first state to set a target, California, is calling for 1.35GW by 2024 and New York for 1.5GW by 2025. While the timeline for deployment is longer for Arizona than those two previous title-holders, Huber pointed out that relative to the state’s size, the figure pencils out at a far higher capacity deployed per capita than in the others.
Lon Huber said the establishment of the target is closely linked to known plans for development of new gas turbine facilities by Arizona’s major utilities, including Arizona Public Service, which is projecting that it will need 5GW of new gas plants by 2032. Huber said it was likely the 3,000MW figure was arrived at as “a fraction of the new combustion turbines in the IRP (Integrated Resource Plans) of the utilities”.
“I think the assessment of what could be cost-effective storage was probably based on the need for new peakers over the next 15 years, more than anything. I think the innovation here is that, depending on different states and how they do things, you could end up in a situation where you buy a lot of renewables but you still need a large fossil backup fleet.”
While renewables-plus-storage may not be ready to take over the role of large thermal generation plants – and in the case of Arizona, the US’ largest nuclear power plant – in providing baseload energy, Huber said that in the hierarchy of needs, peaker plants which are often only run on a part-time basis to stabilise the grid, come first. In a recent blog for Energy-Storage.News, Marek Kubik at storage system provider and integrator Fluence wrote about an academic study into Ireland's grid which showed the role batteries could play there in stabilising the grid using far less capacity than thermal generation.
Huber said Tobin and the Corporation Commission appear to have realised that ratepayers should not have to pay for both the renewables deployed and the fossil fuels used to stabilise their variable output onto the grid, with Arizona set to use “renewables to whittle down that fossil backup fleet, so that ratepayers don’t pay twice for resources”.
Essentially, with utility-scale solar prices lower than wholesale in Arizona, at as low as 2.5 to 3 cents per kWh on a 25-year PPA, the state has “super-cheap fuel” which it can now use for meeting peak demand, Huber said.
The plan
The multi-faceted proposal calls for:
Modernisation of policy framework – including renaming the REST policy the Clean Resource Energy Standard and Tariff (CREST). The Commission said will “allow for the development of broader diversified energy policies relating to clean energy resources, energy storage, and energy efficiency, not just those related to renewable energy”.
80% clean energy goal – the state will generate 80% of its energy from renewable and clean sources by 2050, with an “ultimate 100% goal”, although no timeline has been given for the latter. Utilities will file annual CREST plans with the regulator to demonstrate how they will work towards achieving these goals.
3,000MW energy storage target by 2030 – the Commission aims to enable the state to “leverage” off-peak power generated during the day by solar, as well as adding resilience and stability to the grid network. Again, utilities will file annual CREST implementation plans with the regulator.
Biomass – 60MW target for utilities to procure annually between them. Part of the idea behind this policy is to sustainably source fuel from forests which pose a wildfire risk if their growth is kept unchecked.
Clean Peak standard – regulated utilities will be required to set a Clean Peak Target, harnessing dipatchable renewable energy. The utilities must incrementally increase their baseline figure of peak energy coming from renewable sources by 1.5% each year, again filing annual CREST implementation plans with the Corporation Commission.
Utility view
Lon Huber said that while there have been well-publicised battles over solar in Arizona, particularly in a pushback against rooftop solar from utilities, utility–scale PV in the state is far cheaper and with a higher capacity value, hence support for utility solar has been strong for some time.
“The distribution system in Arizona is not like in New York or California, there’s not huge constrained load pocket that you can’t get wires into and so there’s no way a distribution system can make up for a seven cent gap or whatever it is. So I think it’s important to note that Arizona is a different animal in terms of distributed versus utility-scale,” Huber said.
The utilities will have to modify their 15-year IRPs to meet the new standards, Huber said and it will be a case of “wait and see” what the likes of TEP, APS and NV Energy – which recently announced a renewables tender that included consideration of energy storage – have to say as major stakeholders in the energy system. The Arizona CREST proposal could be a “wake up call” for other states, according to Lon Huber.
“We’ll see how other states react to it. It’s anyone’s guess but I think it should send a little bit of a wake-up call to certain states that maybe haven’t thought about modernising their renewable energy policy…That’s sort of like the key thing. Other states should take note - technology is improving, why don’t you update your policies to take that into account?”
