近年来，国际能源格局正在发生重大变革，能源系统从化石能源占绝对主导向低碳多种能源融合方向转变，为应对这一新趋势，世界各主要经济体均密集出台相关政策，以抢占能源资源和技术竞争的战略制高点。而在欧洲，欧盟认为新型钠离子电池可以加速欧洲能源转型。

自2018年以来，世界主要经济体都提出了发展新能源的支持政策，如：

①美国：2018年9 月，美国能源部(DOE)为储能联合研究中心(JCESR)投入 1.2 亿美元(5 年)。

②中国：中国制造2025计划。

③日本：2018 年 7 月，日本经济产业省下属的新能源与工业技术开发组织(NEDO)通过了“创新性蓄电池-固态电池”开发项目。

④欧盟：2018 年 5 月，欧洲电池联盟发布战略行动计划，将启动预计规模为 10 亿欧元的新型电池技术旗舰研究计划;同时也包括了“地平线 2020”计划和“地平线欧洲”框架计划，明确支持“可再生能源存储技术和有竞争力的电池产业链”。

欧盟“地平线2020研究和创新计划”中“钠离子材料作为制造用于非汽车应用耐久电池的核心组件”项目（NAIMA），总金额约为800万欧元。该项目已经于2019年12月1日开始，将持续36个月。NAIMA项目目标是为储能行业提供新一代高性价比和高安全性的钠离子电池。

NAIMA “Na Ion materials as essential components to manufacture robust battery cells for non-automotive applications” is a Horizon2020 Research and Innovation Programme project of almost 8 M€. The project started December 1st, 2019 and will last for 36 months. NAIMA project aims to develop a new generation of high-competitive and safe Na-ion cells for the current and future energy storage technologies.

在NAIMA项目中，将开发和测试两种新一代具有高度竞争力和安全性的钠离子电池。这两种电池极有可能成为目前仍由亚洲工业界控制的储能技术中广泛应用的锂电池技术的最可靠和最具成本效益的替代品。这种颠覆性的钠离子电池技术已经得到了欧洲电池产业链（本项目合作群中的企业界合作伙伴）的支持，他们已经切实承诺将对电池的所有组件的制造进行大量投资，从而确保欧盟国家在这个行业的话语权。

The NAIMA project will demonstrate that two new generations of highly competitive and safe Na-ion cells developed and tested during the project are some of the most robust and cost-effective alternatives to unseat current and future Li-based technologies in dedicated storage applications, nowadays controlled by Asian industry. The Na-ion disruptive technology is already supported by a solid European Battery value chain (industry partners of the consortium) through their solid commitment of substantial investments in the manufacturing of all components of a battery, preserving the ownership and industry strength around European countries.

NAIMA汇集了一个强有力和互补的项目合作群，包括来自8个欧洲国家（法国、德国、瑞典、保加利亚、西班牙、荷兰、斯洛文尼亚和比利时）的15个合作伙伴，其中包括5个研发组织（CNRS、CEA、NIC、IHE、VITO）、6个中小企业（TIAMAT、BIOKOL、IEIT、GOLDLINE、ACC、ZABALA IC）和4个大公司（EDF、GESTAMP、SOLVAY、Umicore）。合作伙伴的良好平衡和跨领域的特点涵盖了整个电池产业链以及项目所需的不同基础研发领域。此外，一个国际专家顾问委员会将介入本项目的运行，使项目成为真正的商业案例。

NAIMA brings together a strong and complementary consortium, including 15 partners from 8 European countries (France, Germany, Sweden, Bulgaria, Spain, Netherlands, Slovenia and Belgium): 5 being R&D organisation (CNRS, CEA, NIC, IHE, VITO), 6 SMEs (TIAMAT, BIOKOL, IEIT, GOLDLINE, ACC, ZABALA IC) and 4 large companies (EDF, GESTAMP, SOLVAY, UMICORE). The well-balanced and interdisciplinary profiles of the partners cover the entire battery value chain along with the diverse fundamentals R&D fields required in the project. Moreover, an international advisory board will be involved in the development of the project, so that the use cases developed become real business models.

在项目框架内，为了提供3个真实环境中钠离子电池技术竞争力的可靠证据，本项目将在3个多规模业务场景中示范6个不同的钠离子电池组（可再生能源发电-EDF法国电力公司/法国、工业储能- GESTAMP/西班牙，家庭储能-GOLDLINE/保加利亚）。为此，最终用户（EDF、GESTAMP、GOLDLINE）的参与将在本项目执行中发挥关键作用。作为严格的“技术评审”，这三个最终用户将评估其自身作为“潜在买家”的可能性，即钠离子电池技术是否有可能成为其业务生态系统的一部分。此外，“可持续性方法”将通过定义清楚的二次利用和原材料的高回收率（>50%wt）来确保。这一方法将通过开发一种产品综合评估方法得到加强，这种方法能够在全生命周期评估（LCA）和生命周期成本计算（LCC）中结合技术、环境和社会责任等不同方面。

Within the framework of the project, 6 SIB prototypes will be tested in 3 multi-scale Business Scenarios to provide solid evidences about the competitiveness of the technology in 3 real environments (renewable generation – EDF/France, industry – GESTAMP/Spain and private household-GOLDLINE/Bulgaria).

To that end, the involvement of the end users (EDF, GESTAMP, GOLDLINE) will play a crucial role as strict “technology auditors” to assess the feasibly of becoming “potential buyers” of SIBs in their business ecosystems. Furthermore, the “sustainability approach” will be ensured by the definition of concrete 2nd life potential applications and the fulfilment of a high recycling efficiency rate (>50%wt). This approach will be reinforced by the development of a product integrated methodology capable to combine technical, environmental and social aspects in a full Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Life Cycle Costing (LCC).

NAIMA项目是进一步深入开发先进的、基础的、实用钠离子电池技术的的绝佳机会，以评估其在现实环境中的潜力，并帮助其实现商业化。从欧洲内部采购这些电池的大部分材料的可能性非常符合欧盟委员会的战略和意愿，将有助于降低锂离子电池价值链中一些关键挑战的风险。

NAIMA Project is the perfect opportunity to further develop a deep, fundamental and practical knowledge of Na-ion technologies in order to assess their potential in realistic environments and help bring them to a commercial reality. The possibility to source most of the materials of these batteries from within Europe fits well with the strategy and willingness of the European Commission and would help de risking some of the key challenges with the value chain of Li-ion cells.

欧洲能源转型中的外部环境

The context in the frame of Energy Transition

欧盟正在向欧共体能源联盟战略中规定的安全、可持续和有竞争力的能源体系过渡。可再生能源在欧盟能源市场的日益渗透，与最具综合竞争力的技术，如风能和太阳能的发展齐头并进。不可调节的可再生能源发电对能源系统的灵活性提出了更高的要求，而且在能源系统中，越来越多的分布式储能的比重也与日俱增。事实上，大量可再生能源设施的蓬勃发展，使得不同规模的工业级智能电网以及储能系统得以部署，私人家庭生产的电力所占份额也在增加。

The EU is transitioning to a secure, sustainable and competitive energy system as laid out in the EC’s Energy Union strategy. The growing penetration of renewable energy sources in the EU energy market, go hand in hand with a high competitiveness of the most consolidated technologies: Wind Energy and Solar Photovoltaics. The non-dispatchable renewable generation requires a higher flexibility in the energy system, where the weight of much more decentralised installations grow day-to-day. In fact, the flourishing of a wide portfolio of renewable energy installations is allowing the deployment of large to small scale industrial electricity grids, and in an increased share of electricity produced in private households.

从目前来看，要确保未来锂离子电池原材料的足够供应将是一个“奇迹”。在这种情况下，最可靠的非锂电池的替代品是钠离子电池技术。这项颠覆性技术已经得到了一个稳固的欧洲电池价值链（财团的行业合作伙伴）的支持，他们已经确实承诺对电池的所有部件的制造进行大量投资，从而保持了欧洲各国在这个领域的话语权。

Just the availability of the raw materials of Li-ion cells is almost a “miracle”. Under this scenario, the most robust non-Lithium alternative is the technology based on Sodium ion (Na-ion). This disruptive technology is already supported by a solid European Battery value chain (industry partners of the consortium) through their solid commitment of substantial investments in the manufacturing of all components of a battery, preserving the ownership and industry strength around European countries.

*注释：“地平线2020”科研规划几乎囊括了欧盟所有科研项目，分基础研究、应用技术和应对人类面临的共同挑战三大部分，其主要目的是整合欧盟各国的科研资源，提高科研效率，促进科技创新，推动经济增长和增加就业。

（来源： 深水科技咨询）